A IMPORTÂNCIA DO DIAGNÓSTICO PRECOCE E O PAPEL DO BIOMÉDICO NA DETECÇÃO E PREVENÇÃO DA ERITROBLASTOSE FETAL: Uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Fetal erythroblastosis, also known as hemolytic disease of the newborn, is a serious condition caused by Rh factor incompatibility between the mother and the fetus. This leads to the production of antibodies by the mother, which can cross the placenta, resulting in the destruction of fetal erythrocytes, leading to severe anemia and, in severe cases, intrauterine death. In this context, prompt identification and intervention emerge as crucial elements for the prevention and effective management of fetal erythroblastosis. This study aimed to discuss the importance of early diagnosis and the crucial role of the biomedical professional in the detection and prevention of fetal erythroblastosis. The study was characterized as qualitative and descriptive in the form of a literature review, with data collected from PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, and Google Scholar databases for the last five years (2018-2023). The study emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis of fetal erythroblastosis, highlighting the crucial role of the biomedical professional in its detection and prevention. Key methodologies for early identification, such as maternal antibody research and risk factor screening, were identified and discussed. The biomedical professional, through the laboratory analysis of blood samples and genetic counseling, plays an essential role in early diagnosis, along with adopting preventive measures such as maternal immunization and regular monitoring of fetal health. In the hematological context, specific tests, such as direct and indirect Coombs tests, are performed by the biomedical professional to identify anti-RhD antibodies and agglutination of fetal red blood cells, key indicators of fetal erythroblastosis.