IMPACTOS DA GERAÇÃO SOLAR NOS SISTEMAS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA

Abstract

The increasing integration of solar photovoltaic generation into electrical distribution systems has significantly transformed the operation and control of distribution networks. This type of distributed generation, especially in the form of micro and mini generation, introduces substantial changes to power flows, which traditionally moved unidirectionally from substations to load centers. One of the most significant technical impacts in this scenario is the voltage rise in feeders, particularly under steady-state conditions, which can compromise power quality and grid reliability. Conventional voltage control systems, comprising voltage regulators and fixed or switchable capacitor banks, were designed for networks with unidirectional power flow. With the growing penetration of photovoltaic generation, power flow reversals frequently occur, necessitating parameter adjustments in these devices to prevent violations of normative voltage limits. Additionally, photovoltaic generation, characterized by its intermittency and dependence on weather conditions, intensifies voltage profile variations, requiring more dynamic and adaptive solutions. In Brazil, distributed photovoltaic generation has expanded rapidly, driven by regulatory incentives reductions in photovoltaic system costs. However, this trend also presents challenges for power utilities, including increased operational costs, the need for infrastructure investments, and adjustments to tariff regulatory models to mitigate financial impacts. This study primarily addresses the technical impacts associated with voltage rise in feeders due to solar generation integration.