PROTOCOLOS DE HIGIENIZAÇÃO ORAL EM PACIENTES EM INTUBAÇÃO OROTRAQUEAL NA PREVENÇÃO DA PNEUMONIA ASPIRATIVA POR VENTILAÇÃO MECÂNICA

Abstract

This work addresses oral hygiene protocols in orointubated patients as a preventive measure for Mechanical Ventilation Aspiration Pneumonia (VAP), one of the most serious hospital infections in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The objective was to analyze and compare different oral hygiene protocols, identifying their materials, techniques and application frequencies, aiming to support future standardization. The justification lies in the high prevalence of VAP and the lack of consensus on optimized practices to prevent this condition. The methodology included a systematic review of the literature in databases such as Scielo and PubMed, covering publications from 2008 to 2024, in addition to the analysis of six hygiene protocols. Elements such as the use of chlorhexidine, disposable brushes, gauze and frequency of application were evaluated. Protocols such as those of the Government of Minas Gerais, which include sterile gauze and an aspiration system, stand out for their scope, but require greater structure. The results indicated that 0.12% chlorhexidine is widely used due to its antimicrobial efficacy and substantivity. However, variations in materials and frequency of application highlight the need for standardization. It is concluded that consistent and evidence-based practices are essential to improve oral care and prevent complications associated with mechanical ventilation.