Fase Pré-Analítica dos exames laboratoriais: Qualidade e Eficiência nas Análises Clínicas

Abstract

Clinical analysis laboratories play a fundamental role in healthcare, being responsible for providing reliable results quickly and safely. The presence of laboratory errors is characterized as problems in conducting exams, as they can lead to inadequate results or future misinterpretations. The pre-analytical phase is the main source of vulnerability for laboratory errors, representing 60% to 90% of them, due to the lack of standardization. This is an exploratory research through a bibliographic review. Search sites were used including Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Google Scholar, Database of the Brazilian Journal of Clinical Analysis (RBAC), Revista Contemporânea, Revista HCPA, Revista Saúde, Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratory. Pre-analytical variables have a significant impact on the results of laboratory tests, which can lead to mistaken 1interpretations. Most laboratory errors, when identified, lead to the rejection of biological samples, thus resulting in the need for new collection. The pre-analytical phase encompasses the processes prior to the execution of laboratory tests, covering the medical request, patient registration and examination, sample collection and transportation. This stage, which involves the participation of several experts, is responsible for the majority of laboratory errors. It is concluded that investing in adequate training, following biosafety protocols and promoting a culture of attention to detail are crucial steps to mitigate the negative impacts of pre-analytical errors, thus ensuring the quality and reliability of laboratory results.