INFILTRAÇÃO POR CAPILARIDADE EM EDIFICAÇÕES

Abstract

The present work aims to conduct a bibliographic review of the phenomenon of capillary infiltration, a common pathology in civil construction. This phenomenon occurs when water present in the soil is absorbed and transported through capillary pathways within construction materials, rising through walls and structural components. It primarily takes place in areas with high soil moisture. This study addresses the main types of capillary infiltration, with a focus on rising damp, the most recurrent type, in which moisture moves from the soil toward the structure via capillary channels, typically ascending from beams to masonry. This situation generally arises from the absence of waterproofing barriers. Capillarity in construction materials and coatings will also be discussed in this study. The impacts of this process are varied, including the appearance of stains, material degradation, the formation of efflorescence, and, in more severe cases, structural compromise. This review also highlights the importance of applying preventive methods, such as the use of waterproofing barriers and effective drainage techniques. Conducting soil studies is a crucial measure to prevent significant impacts on built environments.Additionally, it is worth noting that, even with preventive actions, this phenomenon cannot be completely eliminated in the long term but can be mitigated. Understanding the phenomenon is essential to prevent and minimize damage, promoting greater durability of structures and ensuring the quality and safety.