DENGUE: ASPECTOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS, AGENTE TRANSMISSOR, DIAGNÓSTICO E MEDIDAS PROFILÁTICA

Abstract

Dengue fever has become one of the most serious global public health emergencies, demanding a thorough understanding of its complex dynamics in the Brazilian context. This article aimed to address recent epidemiological aspects, the crucial characteristics of the transmitting agent (Aedes aegypti), clinical and laboratory diagnostic approaches, and the challenges of prophylactic and disease control measures. The methodology employed was a Narrative Literature Review, which allowed for the synthesis of updated knowledge from scientific articles and normative documents published between 2017 and 2025. The results demonstrate that factors such as disordered urbanization, poor sanitation, and climate change act as environmental determinants that favor vector proliferation and disease expansion. In clinical management, the key to reducing lethality lies in the precise identification of disease phases, such as the febrile, critical, and recovery phases. Diagnosis is complemented by the detection of the NS1 antigen in the first few days and by serology after the fifth day. Preventive measures are essential and range from mechanical control of breeding sites to strategic immunization through vaccines, which complements, but does not replace, vector control. It is concluded that effectively combating Dengue requires an integrated, intersectoral, and continuous approach, focused on robust surveillance and investment in infrastructure and health education.